Factors Affecting Migratory Bird-Window Collisions and Effective Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

Bird-window collisions pose a major threat to bird populations, killing up to a billion birds annually in the United States alone. Migratory birds, many of which use the stars and Earth's magnetic field to navigate during the night, are particularly vulnerable to collisions since anthropogenic factors such as light pollution can disrupt their ability to navigate. Factors such as species behavior, surrounding vegetation, and window design have been found to influence collision rates. Research has also identified several effective mitigation strategies, including bird-safe window treatments, reduced artificial light at night, and public education. Addressing the threat of window collisions is crucial to protect avian biodiversity worldwide and preserve the ecological benefits provided by birds.